Case for diagnosis. Erythematous and pruritic papules on forearms

Abstract Gamasoidosis is a poorly known and underdiagnosed mite infestation. It is characterized by the presence of erythematous and flattened papules that are quite pruritic, and can affect any region of the body, with preference for areas of folds. This article reports a case of the disease caused by mites of the species Dermanyssus gallinae. Increasingly, the agents that cause this disease are found in urban environments, increasing the incidence of people affected by the disease. This dermatosis has a self-limiting clinical picture and the treatment is done with the use of topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines.

Tumores de células gigantes en el antebrazo / Tumors of giant cells in the forearm

Se presentan los casos clínicos de 2 pacientes atendidos en la consulta de Ortopedia del Hospital General Docente Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba. Uno había sido operado de un tumor de células gigantes en el tercio proximal del radio izquierdo hacía 3 años, con evolución satisfactoria hasta que comenzó a presentar aumento de volumen y dolor en el tercio distal de dicho radio, que limitaba la flexoextensión de la muñeca; el otro había sufrido un traumatismo en el tercio distal del antebrazo izquierdo y presentaba aumento de volumen entre los límites de la cara dorsal y ventral del antebrazo y la muñeca. Se realizó la exéresis de los tumores, con resección en bloque y fijación externa con injerto de hueso del banco destinado a ello en esta provincia. Ambos egresaron sin complicaciones y se indicó seguimiento por ortopedia y oncología.

The case reports of 2 patients assisted in the out-patient Orthopedics Deparment of Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso Teaching General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba are presented. One had been surgically treated 3 years ago due to a giant cells tumor in the proximal third of the left radius, with a satisfactory clinical course until it began to present volume increase and pain in the distal third of his radio that limited the wrist's flexoextension; the other patient had suffered a traumatism in the distal third of the left forearm and it presented increase of volume between the egdes of the dorsal and ventral sides of the forearm and the wrist. The exeresis to the tumors, with resection in block and external fixation with bank bone implants dedicated to this in the province were carried out. Both patients were discharged without complications and Orthopedics and Oncology follow-up were indicated.

Deformidad de Madelung: presentación de un caso / Madelung deformity: case report

La deformidad de Madelung es una alteración poco común de la articulación de las muñecas, con una prevalencia desconocida por los pocos casos reportados hasta la actualidad. Se vincula a mutaciones del gen SHOX. Se caracteriza por presentar alteraciones en el radio, el carpo y el cúbito, con predominio bilateral. Afecta principalmente a pacientes de sexo femenino; los signos y síntomas se revelan al inicio de la adolescencia. Presentamos el caso clínico de una paciente de sexo femenino de 17 años que registra las manifestaciones clínicas y radiográficas características. (AU)

Madelung deformity is a rare alteration of the wrist joint of unknown prevalence due to the few cases reported. It has been linked to SHOX gene mutations. Madelung deformity is characterized by alterations of the radius, carpus and ulna, predominantly bilateral and mainly seen in female patients at the beginning of the adolescence. We report the clinical case of a 17-yearold female patient presenting the characteristic clinical and radiographic deformities. (AU)

Bier's spots with onset in childhood

Abstract Bier spots are small, irregular, hypopigmented macules that are usually found on the arms and legs. The macules disappear when the limb is raised. Bier spots have been reported in association with a number of conditions but there is no consistent association to specific desease. Although they usually affect young adults, we report a case of Bier spots that began in childhood. As an asymptomatic and possibly transitional condition, the disease does not require treatment.

Síndrome compartimental en el antebrazo: consideraciones anatomo-quirúrgicas / Compartment syndrome in forearm: anatomical and surgical considerations

Introducción: El síndrome compartimental es una situación en lacual el incremento de la presión dentro de un espacio cerrado,porencima de la presión de perfusión, afecta la circulación de lostejidos que están dentro de dicho espacio, comprometiendo lavitalidad de los mismos y ocasionando lesión tisular. En miembrosuperior se describen numerosos compartimientos en los queIntroducción: El síndrome compartimental es una situación en lacual el incremento de la presión dentro de un espacio cerrado,porencima de la presión de perfusión, afecta la circulación de lostejidos que están dentro de dicho espacio, comprometiendo lavitalidad de los mismos y ocasionando lesión tisular. En miembrosuperior se describen numerosos compartimientos en los quepodría ocurrir dicho fenómeno ,y es particularmente el antebrazouna de las regiones anatómicas donde suele suceder con mayorfrecuencia. Objetivo: Evaluar el conocimiento anatómico de los compartimientos en el antebrazo con posibilidad de sufrir unsíndrome compartimental para la realización de abordajesquirúrgicos de urgencia. Material y Método: Se realizaron encuestas anónimasevaluando el conocimiento anatómico sobre el tema a 11médicos cirujanos en formación y a 25 ayudantes de anatomía...

Introduction: Compartment syndrome is a situation in which increassed pressure within a closed space above perfusión pressure affects the tissues’ circulation into that space,compromising the vitality of them and causing tissue injury.In upper limb there are many compartments where this fenomenous may occur, and the forearm is one of the anatomicregions where normally occure more frequently. Objectives: To evaluate the anatomic knowledge of the forearm compartements with possibility of having a compartmentsyndrome for the realization of urgent surgical approaches. Material and Methods: Anonymous surveys were conducted toevaluate the anatomical knowledge of the subject to 11 trainingsurgeons and 25 anatomy assistants...

Formación de un solo hueso en antebrazo, en pseudoartrosis infectada de cúbito proximal / Formation of a single bone in the forearm in infected pseudoarthrosis of the proximal ulna

Propósito: Presentar el resultado exitoso de la técnica de formación de un solo hueso en antebrazo en un paciente con fractura inicial de cúbito con múltiples osteosíntesis e injertos fallidos. Caso: Paciente masculino dedicado a labores del campo que, a los 39 años de edad, sufre fractura de cúbito izquierdo, después de una evolución de 13 años y 5 intervenciones quirúrgicas con diversos tipos de osteosíntesis e injertos fallidos, que finalizaron en seudoartrosis infectada de cúbito izquierdo, decidiendo efectuarle la formación de un solo hueso en antebrazo evolucionando satisfactoriamente en función. Actualmente: supinación de 20º de antebrazo, flexoextensión de codo y muñeca completas, fuerza muscular adecuada, actualmente integrado en su trabajo de campo sin limitaciones funcionales. Conclusión: La técnica de formación de un solo hueso en antebrazo es, en casos adecuadamente seleccionados, una excelente alternativa de cirugía de reconstrucción o de salvamento en extremidad torácica.

Purpose: To present the successful results of the single-bone reconstruction technique in the forearm in a patient who sustained an ulnar fracture and underwent multiple osteosyntheses and failed grafts. Case: Male patient, agricultural worker, who at age 39 sustained a left ulnar fracture. After 13 years and 5 surgeries involving different types of osteosyntheses and failed grafts, which resulted in infection of the left ulnar pseudoarthrosis, we decided to do a single-bone reconstruction of the forearm. He did well and achieved good function. His current status is: 20º of forearm supination, full elbow and wrist flexion and extension, appropriate muscle strength, and he returned to his job without functional limitations. Conclusion: The single-bone forearm reconstruction technique is, in properly selected cases, an excellent surgical alternative when reconstruction or salvage of the thoracic limb is required.

Case for diagnosis

We report the case of an 11-year-old male patient with a histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of dermatofibroma with an atypical clinical presentation on the right forearm. Although dermatofibroma is considered a benign skin tumor, some of its differential diagnoses, such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and malignant fibrous histiocytoma, are truly aggressive. Lesions with atypical clinical aspects and topology associated with specific histopathological variants are some of the criteria for complete tumor excision.

Syringomas over forearm: a case report

Syringomas are benign intraepidermal tumour of eccrine sweat ducts mostly found in women at the time of adolescence. Most commonly, lower eyelids are involved and few may occur in the scalp, axillae, abdomen, forehead, penile area and vulva. Syringomas over the forearms are less commonly found. The lesions commonly present as small, multiple, skin to yellowish coloured papules. We present a case of 35-year-old lady with multiple hyperpigmented flat smooth surfaced papules only over the extensors of the forearms symmetrically for the last 1 year with no other cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis

One-Bone Forearm Procedure for Acquired Pseudoarthrosis of the Ulna Combined with Radial Head Dislocation in a Child: A Case with 20 Years Follow-Up

This report describes a 6 year-old boy who was treated with one-bone forearm procedure for acquired pseudoarthrosis of the ulna combined with radial head dislocation after radical ulna debridement for osteomyelitis. At more than 20 years of follow-up, the patient had a nearly full range of elbow movements with a few additional surgical procedures. Pronation and supination was restricted by 45degrees, but the patient had near-normal elbow and hand functions without the restriction of any daily living activity. This case shows that one-bone forearm formation is a reasonable option for forearm stability in longstanding pseudoarthrosis of the ulna with radial head dislocation in a child.

One-Bone Forearm Procedure for Acquired Pseudoarthrosis of the Ulna Combined with Radial Head Dislocation in a Child: A Case with 20 Years Follow-Up

This report describes a 6 year-old boy who was treated with one-bone forearm procedure for acquired pseudoarthrosis of the ulna combined with radial head dislocation after radical ulna debridement for osteomyelitis. At more than 20 years of follow-up, the patient had a nearly full range of elbow movements with a few additional surgical procedures. Pronation and supination was restricted by 45degrees, but the patient had near-normal elbow and hand functions without the restriction of any daily living activity. This case shows that one-bone forearm formation is a reasonable option for forearm stability in longstanding pseudoarthrosis of the ulna with radial head dislocation in a child.

Chondroid lipoma: a case report

Chondroid lipoma is a unique, uncommon benign lipomatous tumour. Due to distinct morphological simily, it is important to distinguish it from extraskeletal chondrosarcoma and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma [MRCLS]. We report such a neoplasm with brief a review of literature

Validação diagnóstica da densitometria óssea de antebraço para o rastreamento da desmineralização óssea axial / Validation study of forearm bone densitometry for axial bone demineralization screening

Osteoporose é caracterizada pela diminuição da massa óssea e deterioração da micro-arquitetura, que eleva o risco global de fratura, diminui a expectativa e a qualidade de vida. É a doença ósseo-metabólica mais prevalente e de grande impacto sócio-econômico, considerada mundialmente um dos agravos mais importantes para a saúde pública. Apesar da OMS ter definido o DXA de coluna e fêmur, como padrão-ouro para diagnóstico, prognóstico e monitoramento da densidade mineral óssea, segundo o T-Score: -1,0DP - DMO normal; = -1,0DP a - 2,5DP - osteopenia; = -2,5DP - osteoporose, com risco de fratura duplicado, a cada aumento de -1,0DP, é inviável economicamente e se questiona a extrapolação do TS como medida de referência. Como os DXA de antebraço são mais baratos, simples e portáteis, além de emitirem menos radiação, são indicados para rastreamento de desmineralização óssea axial ou orientação terapêutica, caso o TS seja = -1,0DP. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho da densitometria do antebraço, utilizando o TS = -1,0DP, frente a baixa massa óssea axial; e, validar as DMO do rádio distal e do ultradistal, para o rastreamento da desmineralização óssea axial. Foram estudadas 189 mulheres (50-65 anos), saudáveis e na pós-menopausa, através de densitometrias periféricas e axiais. Para avaliar a habilidade do TS = - 1,0DP do novo teste, em diagnosticar pacientes com baixa massa óssea no padrãoouro, utilizaram-se indicadores de validação diagnóstica. A curva ROC identificou limiares das DMO de antebraço mais sensíveis e acurados. O teste de McNemar comparou os indicadores utilizando o TS e a DMO. Estipulou-se a significância estatística em 0,05. Os sítios do antebraço, utilizando o TS, apresentaram-se mais específicos (81 por cento-83 por cento) que sensíveis (64 por cento-63 por cento), com acurácia de quase 68 por cento, para rastreamento de desmineralização óssea na coluna. As DMO = 0,488g/cm2 do rádio distal e = 0,388g/cm2 do ultradistal, frente ao TS da coluna, elevaram a sensibilidade e a acurácia para 90 por cento e 80 por cento, diminuíram a especificidade para 60 por cento e as prevalências quase se equipararam à do padrão-ouro (79 por cento-81 por cento). A utilização do TS para diagnosticar baixa massa óssea axial, comprometeu a habilidade da densitometria do antebraço; enquanto a capacidade da mesma em selecionar corretamente mulheres saudáveis e na pós-menopausa com maior propensão a desmineralização óssea na coluna, e que se beneficiariam mais em confirmar esse diagnóstico ou iniciar uma terapêutica, ajustou-se após emprego das DMO.

Non-progressive juvenile spinal muscular atrophy of the distal upper limb (Hirayama's disease): a clinical variant of the benign monomelic amyotrophy

Hirayama's disease (HD) is frequently found in Asia, and is rarely referred among westerners. It affects young people with higher incidence in males. It is a focal distal amyotrophy with unilateral or asymmetric bilateral involvement of C7, C8 and T1 innervated muscles. HD appears sporadically and has a benign evolution with clinical stabilization in around one year. We report four young male patients with clinical and electrophysiological alterations described in HD, which were followed-up during 5 years. Electromyographic findings were indicative of lower motor neuron involvement. We analyzed cervical MRI aiming at understanding if a questionable spinal cord compression could be implicated in the pathogenesis, but no abnormality was verified. In view of its clinical, and EMG characteristics, HD is no more than a benign monomelic amyotrophy (BMA) clinical variant, and not a specific disease. This eponym could be considered only for the distal upper limb variant (Hirayama's variant) of the BMA

Plastic deformation of forearm.

The unusual occurrence of plastic deformation in an adult is described.

Sífilis secundária postulosa em paciente HIV positivo: relato de caso / Secondary postular syphilis in HIV-positive patient: report of a case

Relato de caso clínico de paciente homossexual, que um mês após o diagnóstico sorológico de infecçäo pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) tipo 1, desenvolveu erupçäo polimórfica com lesöes eritematopapulopustulosas disseminadas, que evoluíram para um quadro ectimatóide. Os exames laboratoriais, bem como o estudo anatomopatológico, sugeriram o diagnóstico de sífilis secundária, confirmado pelo estudo imuno-histoquímico. Os dados encontrados säo comparados com revisäo de literatura